The Piececlopedia: Bishop-Knight Compound

Princess, Archbishop, Cardinal, Paladin

Historical remarks

This piece has a long history and has been called by many names. At present, there is no name it is universally known as, though some come close. The earliest known name for this piece is Centaur from Carrera's Chess (1617). It was called a vizir in the Turkish / Indian Great Chess, described in an 18th century document. In 1840 or earlier, this piece was called an Adjutant in The Emperor's Game and The Sultan's Game. Henry Bird called it an Equerry in Bird's Chess (1874). Arno von Wilpert called it a Fox in Wolf Chess (1943). Judging by how many games this piece has been given a certain name, the top names for this piece are Paladin, Cardinal, Archbishop, and Minister. But there are other considerations than just number of games. The author of this text, Fergus Duniho, has stuffed the ballot in favor of Paladin by creating several games using that name for this piece. Generally, the most widely used names for this piece are Cardinal, Archbishop, and Princess.

Princess is the standard name for the piece among fairy problemists. This name is used as the favored name in both Dickin's Guide to Fairy Chess and The Oxford Companion to Chess. The rationale behind this name is an analogy with the Queen. This piece, the Queen, and the Rook/Knight compound are the three main compounds of the three simple pieces in Chess, the Rook, Bishop, and Knight. The idea is that, like the Queen, all three of these compounds should be named after female royalty. Since the Bishop is weaker than the Rook, this piece was considered the weaker of the two compounds besides the Queen. So it got the name Princess, while the name Empress went to the Rook/Knight compound. Despite being weaker, the Princess has the advantage of being able to checkmate a King entirely on its own, whereas an Empress requires assistance from another piece to checkmate a King.

In Grand Chess (1984), Christian Freeling called this piece a Cardinal. The idea is that it is like a Bishop but more powerful, and cardinal is a higher rank than bishop in the Catholic church. Many others have followed him in this usage. Kevin Scanlon used the name in Grander Chess (1999). Jean-Louis Cazaux has called it a Cardinal in large variants, such as Gigachess (2001), Heavy Chess (2020), and Bigorra (2023), among others. Sergey Sirotkin used it in Full Double Chess. João Pedro Neto used the name in Delegating Chess (2002). Michael Nelson has used the name in Wizard's War, Pocket Mutation Chess (2003) and Colorful Osmosis Chess. Charles Gilman has favored the name in Ecumenical Chess (2003), Magna Carta Chess, Rookheavy and Bishopheavy Chess (2007), and Man and Beast 08: Diverse Directions. Peter Aronson and George Duke used the name in Complete Permutation Chess (2003). Daphne Snowmoon has called it a Cardinal in Citadelir Chess and Paragi.

Order the Archbishop on ebay in the Musketeer Chess Variant Kit - Chancellor & Archbishop - Black & White

The name Archbishop was introduced by Capablanca, who had originally called this piece a Chancellor, perhaps because one of its meanings refers to Roman Catholic clergy. (Chancellor noun 4.) Both of Capablanca's names for this piece suggest some kind of augmented Bishop. For non-Catholics, the name of Archbishop more clearly does this than Chancellor, which to many people may just mean a head of state or a college president. Capablanca eventually settled on the name of Archbishop and reused the name of Chancellor for the Rook-Knight compound. Follow his lead, Ed Trice used the name Archbishop in his commercial variant Gothic Chess, and Zied Haddad used it in Musketeer Chess (2014), for which he manufactured and sold commercial piece sets..

The names of Cardinal and Archbishop both suggest an enhanced Bishop of some kind. Of the two, Archbishop is more ecumenical, and its name more directly suggests some sort of augmented Bishop. With something similar in mind, both names have been used for other pieces. The name Archbishop has been used for two other augmented Bishops. In A Guide to Fairy Chess, Dickins describes one that moves like a Bishop but also "reflects off one edge of the board like a billiard-ball off a side-cushion" (11). In Diamond Chess, an Archbishop is a piece that moves as a Bishop or a King. In contrast, the name Cardinal is used in the commercial game Cardinal Super Chess for a lame camel, which is given an ecclesiastical name for being colorbound like the Bishop. Both Archbishop and Cardinal have been popular names for this piece. Archbishop has been used in the commercial variant Gothic Chess, which borrowed his its names from Capablanca's Chess, and John William Brown has favored the name Cardinal in his book Meta-Chess.

Despite the popularity of both names, neither one captures the specific compound nature of the piece. Each suggests some kind of augmented Bishop, but neither name suggests any kind of augmented Knight. Yet this piece should be thought of as both an augmented Bishop and an augmented Knight. In Cavalier Chess, Fergus Duniho introduced the name Paladin, which does capture the specific compound nature of this piece. In Advanced Dungeons & Dragons, a paladin is a hybrid character class of the cleric and the fighting man classes. Since Bishops are clerics and Knights are fighting men, the name seems appropriate for a compound of the Bishop and Knight. Curiously, Gary Gygax, the creator of AD&D, used the name for a 3D piece that is similar to the Centaur in his own Chess variant, Dragon Chess. Despite this, Paladin remains an uncommon name for the Centaur, and I have now used the name in several games besides Cavalier Chess, particularly in Fusion Chess and its many derivatives.

One more issue affecting the choice of piece name is what letter is used to notate it. Princess and Paladin both start with P, which is commonly used for Pawns. The notation of Pr or Pl would be suitable for use with these names. Cardinal can be notated with C, but C is often used for Camel, Cannon, and Chancellor, the last of these being a popular name for the piece most commonly used with this piece. The use of A for Archbishop doesn't conflict with any A-names for popular pieces. Another consideration is the name this piece is sold under. The House of Staunton currently sells it under the name of Archbishop for both Camaratta Chess and Gothic Chess.

• Camaratta Chess
• Camaratta Chess Variant Kit - Chancellor & Archbishop Combination - 4 PIECES
• Camaratta Chess Variant Kit Bundled with HOS Luxury Plastic Chess Pieces
• Gothic Chess
• The Gothic Edition - Reykjavik II Series Chess Pieces
• The Gothic Edition - Reykjavik II Series Chess Set and Board Combination

This table gives an overview of the history of this piece.

Movement rules

This piece may move like an orthodox chess Bishop, or like an orthodox chess Knight.

Movement diagram

The blue circles indicate the leaping moves of a Knight, while the green circles indicate the Bishop move.

and the Meta-Chess movemap below:

Notes

Alternate Images

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