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Alex,

En passant is a form of capturing performed by the Pawn upon another Pawn.
 The conditions for this capture are quite specific.  The capturing Pawn
must be located on the fifth rank from the player and in the adjacent file
of the target Pawn.  The target Pawn must have just performed an initial
two-step move which has placed it orthogonally adjacent the capturing
Pawn.  The capturing Pawn then moves to the vacant cell directly behind
the target Pawn and the target Pawn is removed from the field.

The reasoning for this particular form of capture is to allow the Pawn the
option to capture an opposing Pawn which has performed a two-step move,
passing through the cell which would have offered that captured.  The
capturing Pawn is able to obtain that particular position on the field.

Remember that en passant(in passing) can only be performed against an
opposing Pawn which has immediately made a two-step move.  If the player
does not exercise this option on the immediate replying move, they cannot
do so on subsequent turns.

The opportunity to exercise this option may be very infrequent, but can be
quite interesting.

Given the number of actual Queens and potential Queens (Pawns) at the start
of the game, 18. It would be less only if it were impossible for all the
Pawns to reach the 8th rank. It might seem impossible given the following
considerations:

For any Pawn to reach its 8th rank, it must get by the opposing Pawn. So
either that Pawn must be captured, or the Pawn must capture another piece
to get around it. Not including the King, which can't be captured, the
Queen, which is already a Queen, and the Pawns, which are potential
Queens, there are six pieces left to each side that could be captured. So
six Pawns on each side could get to the 8th rank without capturing
opposing Pawns. Then it might seem that only half of the remaining Pawns
can get to the 8th rank, for a total potential of 16 Queens.

But wait. This chain of thinking is deceptive. When a Pawn captures an
enemy piece to get by an enemy Pawn, it also makes way for that enemy
Pawn. Therefore, there need be only eight Pawn captures between both
sides. If each side captures four pieces with its Pawns, it would let four
of its own Pawns get by and make way for four enemy Pawns. One possible way
to do this is for White to move its a, c, e, and g Pawns to the b, d, f,
and h files, while Black does the reverse. Thus, all the Pawns could get
through, for a full total of 18 Queens on the board.

One possible impediment is the danger of premature checkmate. This can be
prevented by surrounding one's King with one's own Queens as Pawns
promote to them. So, given cooperation between both players, a game of
Chess can have up to 18 Queens on the board.

i dont understand the most simple bits of chess it is the most worst thing
i have read

ok i have a couple of questions...
 what is the name given to the player with lighter colored pieces?

what is the vertical row on the chessboard called?
 
whats the horizontal row on the chessboard called?

what is the name given to the player with darker colored pieces.

and finally

what is it called when there is a promotion of a pawn to queen that has
moved to the 8th rank.

thats it.....thank you

i need this answer asap because its for some of my homework
overall i found this website informative
thanks